Layout of the hot water distribution system that establishes venting of trapped air through the plumbing fixtures above-whether up-feed, down-feed or up- and down-feed system configurations-can be the most important factor in avoiding balancing and adjustment problems during initial system commissioning. This arrangement has been shown to be much less problematic than systems where the return pipe is above the highest plumbing fixtures as a vertical extension of the hot water distribution riser. ![]() The air is then vented out of the plumbing fixtures above with each use of the fixtures. Distribution layouts that establish the connection of the return pipe to the hot water distribution riser at the floor below the highest plumbing fixtures allow air to bypass the return system connection to the riser. This reduces andĮventually prevents adequate return circulation flow rates from occurring.
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